Bioarchéologie humaine 2025-2026

 

Tuteur principal : Pr. Christopher Knüsel                Localisation : Salle de Préhistore (TD1) Bâtiment B7

 

Participants : étudiants master 1 des parcours Archéothanatologie (At) et Anthropologie biologique (Ab) (réquis) et étudiants master PGA (optionnel)

                                   

Crédits ECTS : 15

 

Version française :

 

Cette UE synthétise les matières développées en Paléobiologie 1 (UE 4TAR808U), Paléopathologie générale (UE 4TAB912U), et Paléopathologie intégrative - Archéologie de la santé (UE 4TPG903U) en introduisant le concept de bioarchéologie humaine, l'étude des restes humains dans leur contexte archéologique. Il offre un aperçu du développement historique de la bioarchéologie de ses origines dans les années 1960, jusqu'à sa forme spécifiquement humaine au sein de l'anthropologie biologique et de l'archéologie ces dernières décennies. Il prend en compte la variation morphologique, la caractérisation métrique et non métrique de la forme et de la taille du squelette, due à la plasticité squelettique inhérente à la croissance et au développement, combinée à l'application de normes démographiques de référence. L'objectif est de développer une perspective socio-archéologique des populations et des individus du passé, depuis l'origine du genre Homo jusqu'au passé récent. L'identité sociale des défunts est mise en perspective par des analyses paléodémographiques afin d'appréhender les changements démographiques et bio-sociaux, ainsi que les transitions socioculturelles du passé.

           

Version anglaise :

 

This module forms a synthesis with the subjects developed in Paléobiologie 1 (UE 4TAR808U), Paléopathologie générale (UE 4TAB912U), and Paléopathologie intégrative - Archéologie de la santé (UE 4TPG903U) by introducing the concept of human bioarchaeology, the study of human remains in their archaeological context. It provides insight into the historical development of the sub-discipline of “bioarchaeology” from its origins in the 1960s to its specifically human-oriented form within biological anthropology and archaeology in more recent decades. It considers morphological variation, metric and non-metric characterisation of skeletal shape and size due to skeletal plasticity inherent in growth and development, combined with application of demographic reference standards. The goal is the development of a social archaeological perspective of past populations and individuals from the origin of the genus Homo to the recent past. The social identity of the deceased is set against the background of palaeodemographic analyses to address demographic, biosocial change, as well as sociocultural transitions in the past.

 

Teaching and Learning Strategy :

 

Enseignant(e)s : Christopher Knüsel, Sacha Kacki, Maryelle Bessou, Ingénieur d’études

 

Évaluation : Essai (coef. 1) on peut aussi créer un sujet d’eesai individuel avec l’accord d’enseignant, M. Knüsel.

Exemples de sujets :

*De soucis potentiels avec la traduction du sujet entre le français et l’anglais

Traitement des morts chez les animaux non humains : occurrence et signification 

ADNa et interprétations sociales / aDNA and social interpretations

Traitement(s) funéraire(s) d’une période, d’un temps ou d’ une région donnée / Funerary treatment(s) in a given period, time or region

Taille et proportions corporelles et comparaisons et tendances à long terme dans la reconstruction sociale / Stature and body proportions and long-term comparisons and trends in social reconstruction

Traits non métriques et interprétation sociale / Non-metric traits and social interpretation

La latéralité chez les humains : prévalence et signification / Laterality in humans : prevalence and meaning

Les morts et les transitions socioculturelles / The dead and sociocultural transitions

Le cheval et les humains / The horse and humans

Le chien et humains / The dog and humans

Soins et traitement des malades, des personnes handicapées et des personnes incapables / Care for and treatment of the sick, impaired, and incapacitated

Restes humains et usages symboliques / Human remains and symbolic uses

La violence et les interprétations des relations sociales passées / Violence and its interpretation for past social relationships

(Endo-) cannibalisme funéraire, signification, intention et schématisation / Funerary (endo-) cannibalism, meaning, intent and patterning

Exposition des morts / Display of the dead

La capacité physique et handicap / Physical ability and disability 

Processus sociaux et la place des restes humains / Social processes and the place of human remains

Enterrement multiple - analyse, signification et intention / Multiple burial- analysis, meaning and intent

Restes humains et catastrophe environnementale / Human remains and environmental catastrophe

Les festins et les morts / Feasting and the dead

Pigments et colorants et les morts / Pigments and colourants and the dead

Les monuments funéraires et les morts / Funerary monuments and the dead

Pratiques funéraires secondaires / Secondary funerary practices

Enterrement irrégulier / Deviant/Irregular burial*

Le statut social et les morts / Social status and the dead

Les restes humains, nourriture et régime alimentaire / Human remains, food, and diet

L’Enterrement différé / Delayed burial

Mouvement, mobilité et migration / Movement, mobility and migration

La définition, identification et signification des « morts d’accompagnement » / Definition, identification, and meaning of the “accompanying dead” 

La dénigrement des morts / Denigration of the dead

Les morts et l’hiérarchie / The Dead and hierarchy

L’ancestralisation des morts / The ancestral dead

La mort et société plurielle / Death and plural society

L’inégalité sociale et la mort / Social inequality and death

La manipulation des morts et de leurs restes : contexte, intention et signification / Manipulation of the dead and their remains: context, intent and meaning

Les restes humains et croyances / Human remains and belief 

Les voies de mort des homininés antérieurs / Earlier hominin deathways

Les Rites de Passage / The Rites of Passage

La chaine opératoire funéraire / Funerary processing of the dead*

Les saints morts / The saintly dead

Les morts infâmes / The infamous dead

Fosses communes : définition, analyse et signification / Mass graves: definition, analysis and meaning*

Rêves, visions et les morts / Dreams, visions, and the dead

Les représentations des morts et de la mort / Representations of the dead and of death

Les objets associés et les morts / Associated objects and the dead

Les rites funéraires / Funerary rites

La sépulture / The grave 

Les sépultures des guerriers / Warrior burials

La cosmologie et les morts / Cosmology and the dead

Les soins et les morts / Care and the dead

L’ostéobiographie d'un personnage historique ou préhistorique / Osteobiography of an historical or prehistoric figure

Le sacré et les morts / The sacred and the dead

Fragmentation des vestiges squelettiques : processus, analyse et signification / Fragmentation of skeletal remains : process, analysis, and meaning

La mort et le parcours de vie / Death and the life course*

La crémation des morts / Cremation of the dead

L’exposition des morts / Exposure of the dead

La décomposition du corps / Decomposition of the body

L’agencement des morts / Agency and the dead*

Les études actualistes des morts / Actualistic studies of the dead

Les morts politiques / The political dead

Les reliques des morts / Relics of the dead

Sexe et genre / Sex and gender

Intersectionnalité et les morts / Inter-sectionality and death*

Tir à l’arc dans le registre archéologique / Archery in the archaeological record

Les jeunes morts : implications paléodémographiques et sociales /

The youthful dead: palaeodemographic and social implications

Ou un sujet de votre choix en consultation avec les enseigants / Or a subject of your choosing in consultation with instructors

Syllabus :

 

Semaine 1 : lundi, 3 novembre 2025, 9h30-11h30

 

Cours (CM) : Bioarchéologie humaine : évolution d’une sous-discipline

 

Sources :

 

Buikstra J.E., Beck, L. (eds.) (2006). Bioarchaeology: The Contextual Analysis of Human Remains. New York: Academic Press.

 

Buikstra, J.E., DeWitte, S.N., et al. (2022). 21st Century Bioarchaeology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward. Yearbook of Biological Anthropology Suppl. 74: 54-114. DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24494

 

Knüsel, C.J. (2010). Bioarchaeology: A Synthetic Approach/Bio-archéologie: Une Approche Synthétique. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 22: 62-73.

 

Knüsel, C.J., Schotsmans, E.M.J. (2022). Introduction: Archaeothanatology, funerary archaeology and bioarchaeology: perspectives on the long view of death and the dead. In Knüsel, C.J. and Schotsmans, E.M.J. (eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Archaeothanatology: Bioarchaeology of Mortuary Behaviour. Routledge: London, pp. 1-20.

 

Mummert, A., Esche, E., Robinson, J., Armelagos, G.J. (2011). Stature and robusticity during the agricultural transition: Evidence from the bioarchaeological record. Economics and Human Biology 9: 284–301.

 

Ruff, C.B., Holt, B.M., Niskanen, M., Sladék, V., Berner, M., Garofalo, E., Garvin, H.M., Hora, M., Maijanen, H., Niinimäki, S., Salo, K., Schuplerovà, E., Tompkins, D.  (2012). Stature and body mass estimation from skeletal remains in the European Holocene. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 148: 601-617.

 

Steckel, R.H. (1995). Stature and the standard of living. Journal of Economic Literature XXXIII: 1903-1940.

 

Textes générales :

 

Agarwal, S.C., Glencross, B.A. (eds.) (2011). Social Bioarchaeology. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex, UK.

 

Aiello, L. et Dean, C. (1991). An Introduction to Evolutionary Anatomy. Academic Press, London.

 

Brauer, G. et Knußmann, R. (eds.) (1988). Grundlagen der Anthropometrie. Anthropologie: In: Knußmann, R. Anthrpologie : Handbuch der Vergleichenden Biologie des Menschen. Volume 1, Verlag Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart. Pp. 129-160.

 

Buikstra, J.E. and Ubelaker, D.H. (eds.) (1994). Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Arkansas Archaeological Survey, Fayetteville (AR).

 

Larsen, C.S. (1997). Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton. First Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

 

Larsen, C.S.  (2021). Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Human Behavior from the Human Skeleton. Second Edition. Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK).

 

Mays, S. (2021). The Archaeology of Human Bones. Third Edition. Routledge, London.

 

Ortner, D.J. (2003). Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains. (Second Edition). Academic Press, Amsterdam (NL).

 

Ortner, D.J. and Putschar, W.G.J. (1981). Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

 

Parker-Pearson, M. (1999). The Archaeology of Death and Burial. Sutton, Stroud.

 

Semaine 1 : lundi, 3 novembre 2025, 14h-16h

 

Travaux dirigé (TD) : Introduction à la mouvement humaine (termes d’orientation anatomiques et de la bipédie humaine)

 

Sources :

 

Calais-Germain, B. (1993). Anatomy of Movement. Seattle (WA): Eastland Press.

 

Calais-Germain, B. (2005). Anatomie pour le mouvement, tome : Introduction à

l'analyse des techniques corporelles. Gap (FR) : Éditions Désiris.

 

Calais-Germain, B. et Lamotte, A. (2014). Anatomie pour le Mouvement, tome 2 : Bases d'Exercices. Gap (FR) : Éditions Désiris.

 

Semaine 2 : lundi, 10 novembre 2025, 9h-12h

 

Cours : Les modifications squelettiques due à l’activité physique

 

Lecture:

 

Axford, R. (1995). Archery Anatomy: An Introduction to Techniques for Improved Performance. London: Souvenir Press.

 

Baillif-Ducros, C., Truc, M.-C., Paresys, C., Villotte, S.  (2011). Approche méthodologique pour distinguer un ensemble lésionnel fiable de la pratique cavalière. Exemple du squelette de la tombe 11 du site de « La Tuilerie » à Saint-Dizier (Haute-Marne), VIe siècle. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 24: 25–36.

 

Berthon, W., Tihanyi, B., Kis, L., Révész, L., Coqueugniot, H., Dutour, O., Pálfi, G. (2019). Horse riding and the shape of the acetabulum: Insights from the bioarchaeological analysis of early Hungarian mounted archers (10th century). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 29 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.2723

 

Bock, W. J., von Wahlert, G. (1965). Adaptation and the form-function complex. Evolution 19(3): 269-299.

 

Bühler, B., Kirchengast, S. (2022). A life on horseback? Prevalence and correlation of metric and non-metric traits of the “horse-riding syndrome“ in an Avar population (7th-8th century AD) in Eastern Austria. Anthropological Review 85 (3): 67-_82. https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.85.3.05

_

Dutour, O. (2000). Chasse et activités physiques dans la Préhistoire: les marqueurs osseux d’activités chez l’homme fossile. Anthropologie et Préhistoire 111: 156-165.

 

Erickson, J.D., Lee, D.V., Bertram, J.E.A. (2000). Fourier analysis of acetabular shape in Native American Arikara populations before and after acquisition of the horses. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 113: 473-480.

 

Huiskes, R., Ruimerman, R., van Lenthe, G. H., Jansen, J. D. (2000). Effects of mechanical forces on maintenance and adaptation of form in trabecular bone. Nature, 405, 704–706. https://doi.org/10.1038/35015116

 

Kennedy, K.A.R. (1998). Markers of occupational stress: conspectus and prognosis of research. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 8: 305–310.

 

Kennedy, K.A.R. (1989). Skeletal markers of occupational stress. In: Iscan, M.Y., Kennedy K.A.R. (eds.) Reconstruction of Life from the Skeleton. New York: Alan R. Liss, 129–160.

 

Knüsel, C.J. (2000). Bone adaptation and its relationship to physical activity in the past. In M. Cox and S. Mays (eds.) Human Osteology in Archaeology and Forensic Science. Greenwich Medical Media, London, pp. 381-401.

 

Pearson, O.M., Buikstra, J.E. (2006). Behavior and the bones. In: Buikstra, J.E., Beck L.A. (eds.) Bioarchaeology: The Contextual Analysis of Human Remains, New York: Academic Press, pp. 207-225.

 

Polet, C., Martiarena, M.L., Villotte, S., Vercauteren, M. (2019). Throwing Activities Among Neolithic Populations from the Meuse River Basin (Belgium, 4500–2500 BC) with a Focus on Adolescents. Childhood in the Past 12: 81–95. DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2019.1638555

 

Rhodes, J.A., Knüsel, C.J. (2005). Activity-related skeletal change in medieval humeri: cross-sectional and architectural alterations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 128(3): 536-546

 

Ruff, C.B. (1992). Biomechanical analyses of archaeological human skeletal samples. In Saunders, S.R. and Katzenberg, M.A. (eds.) Skeletal Biology of Past Peoples: Research Methods. Wiley-Liss Inc., New York, pp. 37-58.

 

Ruff, C.B. (2000). Biomechanical analyses of archaeological human skeletons. In Katzenberg, M.A. and Saunders, S.R. (eds.) Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton, Wiley-Liss, New York, pp.71-102.

 

Ruff, C.B., Scott, W.W., Liu, A.Y.-C. (1991). Articular and diaphyseal remodeling of the proximal femur with changes in body mass in adults. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 86(3): 397-414.

 

Ruff, C.B., Holt, B., Trinkaus, E. (2006). Perspectives: Who’s afraid of the big bad wolf; “Wolff’s Law” and bone functional adaptation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 129: 484-494.

 

Ruff, C.B., Holt, B.M., Slàdek, V., Berner, M., Murphy, W.A., zur Nedden, D. Seidler, H., Recheis, W. (2006). Body size, body proportions and mobility in the Tyrolean “Iceman”. Journal of Human Evolution 51: 91-101.

 

Stock, J.T., Shaw, C.N. (2007). Which measures of diaphyseal robusticity are robust? A comparison of external methods of quantifying the strength of long bone diaphyses to cross-sectional geometric properties. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 134: 412-423.

 

Shaw, C.N., Stock, J.T. (2009a). Intensity, repetitiveness, and directionality of habitual adolescent mobility patterns influence the tibial diaphysis morphology of athletes. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140(1): 149-159.

 

Shaw, C.N., Stock, J.T. (2009b). Habitual throwing and swimming correspond with upper limb diaphyseal strength and shape in modern human athletes. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140(1): 160-172.

 

Steele, J., Mays, S. (1995). Handedness and directional asymmetry in the long bones of the human upper limb.International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 5(1): 39-49.

 

Stirland, A. J. (1993). Asymmetry and activity-related change in the male humerus. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 3(2): 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.1390030207

 

Thomas, A. (2014). Bioarchaeology of the Middle Neolithic: Evidence for archery among early European farmers. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 154(2): 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22504

 

Trinkaus, E., Churchill, S.E., Ruff, C.B. (1994). Postcranial robusticity in Homo. II: humeral bilateral asymmetry and bone plasticity. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 93(1): 1-34.

 

Villotte, S. (2006). Connaissances médicales actuelles, cotationdes enthésopathies : nouvelle méthode/ New scoring system of enthesopathies based on present medical data. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, n.s., t. 18 : 1-2.

 

Villotte, S., Castex, D., Couallier, V., Dutour, O., Knüsel, C.J., and Henry-Gambier, D. (2010). Enthesopathies as occupational stress markers: evidence from the upper limb. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 142(2): 224-234.

 

Villotte, S., Knüsel C. J. (2013). Understanding entheseal changes: definition and life course changes. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 23(2):135-146.

 

Villotte, S. and Knüsel, C.J. (2014). "I sing of arms and of a man ...": medial epicondylitis and the sexual division of labor in Prehistoric Europe. Journal of Archaeological Science 43: 168-174. (ISSN: 0305-4403)

 

Villotte, S. and Knüsel, C.J. (2016). External auditory exostoses and prehistoric aquatic resource procurement. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 6: 633-636. (ISSN: 2352-409X)

 

Villotte, S., Stefanović, S. and Knüsel, C.J. (2014). External Auditory Exostoses and Aquatic Activities during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic in Europe: Results from a Large Prehistoric Sample. Anthropologie LII: 73-89.

 

Semaine 2 : lundi, 10 novembre 2025

 

 L'Ostéologie des immatures, 14h-17h

 

Lecture :

 

Baker, B.J., Dupras, T.L., Tocheri, M.W. (2005). The Osteology of Infants and Children. College Station (TX): Texas A & M University Press. College Station (TX).

 

Gilchrist, R. (2012). Medieval Life: Archaeology and the life Course. Boydell Press, Woodbridge (Suffolk, UK).

 

Gowland, R.L. (2015). Entangled lives: implications of the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis for bioarchaeology and the life course. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 158: 530–540.

 

Le Roy, M., Murphy, E. (2020). Archaeothanatology as a tool for interpreting death during pregnancy: examples from Medieval Ireland, In: Gowland, R., Halcrow, S. (eds.), The Mother-Infant Nexus in Anthropology: Small Beginnings, Significant Outcomes. Cham: Springer, pp. 211–233.

 

Le Roy, M., Rottier, S. (2022). Neolithic burials of infants and children. In Knüsel, C.J. and Schotsmans, E.M.J. (eds.)  Routledge Handbook of Archaeothanatology: Bioarchaeology of Mortuary Behaviour. Routledge: London, pp. 194-206. 

 

Le Roy, M., Rottier, S. and Tillier, A.-m. (2018). Who Was a ‘Child’ during the Neolithic in France? Childhood in the Past 11(2): 69–84.

 

Lewis, M.E. (2007). The Bioarchaeology of Children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

 

Partiot, C., Trinkaus, E., Knüsel, C.J., Villotte, S. (2020). The Cro-Magnon Babies: Morphology and Mortuary Implications of the Cro-Magnon Immature Remains. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 30: 102475

 

Scheuer, L., Black, S. (2000). Developmental Juvenile Osteology. San Diego (CA): Elsevier / Academic Press.

 

Scheuer, L., Black, S. (2004). The Juvenile Skeleton. Amsterdam: Elsevier / Academic Press.

 

Schaefer, M.C., Black, S.M. and Scheuer, L. (2008). Juvenile Osteology: A Laboratory and Field Manual (Laboratory & Field Manual). Amsterdam: Elsevier /Academic Press.

 

Sources : Ostéométrie de la stature, la croissance, les proportions corporelles et masse corporelle

 

Dittmar, J. M., Inskip, S. A., Rose, A.K., Cessford, C., Mitchell, P.D., O'Connell, T. C., Robb, J.E. (2024). Health inequality in medieval Cambridge, 1200–

1500 CE. American Journal of Biological Anthropology e24993.

 

Komlos, J. (2009). Anthropometric history: an overview of a quarter century of research. Anthropologischer Anzeiger 67(4): 341-356.

 

Pomeroy, E., Macintosh, A., Wells, J.C.K., Cole, T.J., Stock, J.T. (2018). Relationship between body mass, lean mass, fat mass, and limb bone cross-sectional geometry: Implications for estimating body mass and physique from the skeleton. American Journal of Physical Anthropology166: 56–69.

 

Ruff, C.B., Wood, B.A. (2023). The estimation and evolution of hominin body mass.

Evolutionary Anthropology 32(4): 223-237.

 

Schweich, M., & Knüsel, C. (2003). Bio-cultural effects in medieval populations. Economics & Human Biology 1(3), 367–377.

 

Murray, N.J., Spake, L., Cervantes, M., Albanese, J. Cardoso, H.F.V. (2024).

New more generic and inclusive regression formulae for the estimation of stature from long bone lengths in children.Forensic Sciences 4: 62–75. https://doi.org/10.3390/ forensicsci4010005

 

Semaine 4 : lundi, 17 novembre 2025, 9h30-11h30

 

TD : Quantification : Représentativité, NMI, La Méthode de Zonation

 

Adams, B. J., Konigsberg, L. W. (2004). Estimation of the most likely

number of individuals from commingled human skeletal remains. American

Journal of Physical Anthropology 125(2), 138–151.

 

Binford, L.R. (1984). Faunal Remains from Klasies River Mouth. Academic Press, Orlando. 

 

Duday, H. (1998). Le charnier gaulois de Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme). Etudes et Documents Fouilles 4, Les Celtes: Rites Funéraires en Gaule du Nord entre le VIe et le 1er siècle avant Jesus-Christ, 113-119, Namur: Ministère de la Région Wallone.

 

Fernández-Jalvo, Y., and Andrews, P. (2016). Atlas of Taphonomic Identifications. Dordrecht: Springer.

 

Hussain, K., Wijetunge, D. B., Grubnic, S., Jackson, I. T. (1994). A comprehensive analysis of craniofacial trauma. The Journal of Trauma 36(1): 34-47.

 

Knüsel, C.J., Outram, A.K. (2004). Fragmentation: the zonation method applied to fragmented human remains from archaeological and forensic contexts. Environmental Archaeology 9(1): 85-98.

 

Lambacher, N., Gerdau-Radonic, K., Bonthrone, E., Valle de Tarazaga Montero, F.J. (2016).  Evaluating three methods to estimate the number of individuals from a commingled context. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports Special Issue on Funerary Taphonomy, edited by Knüsel, C.J.  and Robb, J.E. 10: 674–683.

 

Lyman, R.L. (1994). Quantitative units and terminology in zooarchaeology. American Antiquity 59(1): 36-71.

 

Mack, J.E., Waterman, A.J., Racila, A-M., Artz, J. A., Lillios, K. T. (2016). Applying Zooarchaeological Methods to Interpret Mortuary Behaviour and Taphonomy in Commingled Burials: The Case Study of the Late Neolithic Site of Bolores, Portugal. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 26: 524–536.

 

Outram, A.K., Knüsel, C.J., Knight, S., Harding, A.F. (2005). Understanding complex fragmented assemblages of human and animal remains: a fully integrated approach. Journal of Archaeological Science 32 (12): 1699-1710.

 

Palmiotto A., LeGarde C.B., Brown C.A. (2020). Assessing recovery rate methods: A review and application for human skeletal assemblages. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 173(2):1–11.

 

Valentin, F., Le Goff, I. (1998). La sépulture secondaire mésolithique de La Chaussée-Tirancourt: Fractures sur os frais ou os secs ? L’ Anthropologie 102: 91-95.

 

Villa, P., Mahieu, E. (1991). Breakage patterns of human long bones. Journal of Human Evolution 21: 27–48.

 

Semaine 3 : lundi, 17 novembre 2025, 14h-18h

 

TD : La variation squelettique non-métrique

 

Sources :

 

Angel J. L., 1964. The reaction area of the femoral neck. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 32: 130-142.

 

Ardagna, Y., Kacki, S., Verna, E., Panuel, M., and Baud, M. 2015. Études paléopathologiques de cas d’une atteinte rachidienne rare / Les vertèbres en papillon Palaeopathological studies of butterfly vertebrae, a rare spinal malformation. Bulletin et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie. 27: 72-82.  DOI 10.1007/s13219-014-0095-4

 

Barnes, Ethne. 1994. Developmental Defects of the Axial Skeleton in Paleopathology. University Press of Colorado, Niwot. 

 

Boulle, E.-L. (2001a.) Evolution of two human skeletal markers of the squatting position: a diachronic study from Antiquity to the Modern Age. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 115: 50-56.

 

Boulle, E.-L. (2001b). Osteological features associated ankle hyperdorsiflexion. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 11: 345-349.

 

Fibiger, L. and Knüsel, C.J. 2005. Strength in numbers: prevalence rates of spondylolysis in English skeletal populations. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 15(3): 164-174.

 

Graham, J.M. (2007). Smith’s Recognizable Patterns of Human Deformation. (Third Edition). Elsevier, Philadelphia.

 

Jeunesse C. (2010). Changements sociaux et signification de la chasse dans les sociétés du Néolithique circumalpin. Une hypothèse alternative au déterminisme écologique. In Vernetzungen - Aspekte siedlungsarchäologischer Forschung, Festschrift für Helmut Schlichtherle zum 60 Geburtstag. I. Matuschik, C. Strahm, B. Eberschweiler, G. Fingerlin, A. Hafner, M. Kinsky, M. Mainberger, and G. Schobel  eds., pp. 127-139. Lavori Verlag: Freiburg im Breisgau.

 

Knüsel, C.J., Chundun, Z.C., and Cardwell, P. (1992). Slipped proximal femoral epiphysis in a medieval priest. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 2: 109-119.

 

Lane, W.A. 1886. Some variations in the human skeleton.  Journal Anatomy and Physiology 22: 593-628.

 

Mann, Robert W., Hunt, David R., Lazanoff, Scott (2016). Photographic Regional Atlas of Non-Metric Traits and Anatomical Variants in the Human Skeleton.  Charles C. Thomas, Springfield (IL).

 

Motley, G., Nyland, J., Jacobs, J. and Caborn, D.N.M. (1998). The Pars Interarticularis stress reaction, spondylolysis, and spondylolisthesis progression. Journal of Athletic Training 33(4): 351-358.

 

Partiot, Caroline, Guillon, Mark, Peressinotto, David, Castex, Dominique et Maureille, Bruno, (2020). Cervical ribs in human early life: morphological variability and first identification as a morbidity criterion in a past population. Journal of Anatomy 237(1):119-132. doi: 10.1111/joa.13178

 

Roberts, C.A., Knüsel, C.J., and Race, L. (2004). A foot deformity from a Romano-British cemetery at Gloucester, England, and the current evidence for Talipes in palaeopathology. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 14(5): 389-403. (ISSN: 1047-482X)

 

Salter, R.B. (1999). Textbook of Disorders and Injuries of the Musculoskeletal System (Third Edition). Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore (MD).

 

Saunders, S.R. (1989). Nonmetric skeletal variation. In Işcan, M.Y. and Kennedy, K.A.R. (eds.) Reconstruction of Life from the Skeleton. Liss, New York, pp. 95-108.

 

Saunders, S.R. (1978). The Development of Discontinuous Morphological Variation of the Human Skeleton. National Museums of Man Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey of Canada, Number 81.

 

Verna, E., Piercecchi-Marti, M.D., Chaumoitre,  K., Panuel, M.,  Adalian, P. 2013. Mise au point sur les caractères discrets du membre inférieur : définition, épidémiologie, étiologies. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, 26: 52-66.

 

Villotte, S., Knüsel, C.J. 2009. Some remarks about femoroacetabular impingement and osseous non-metric variations of the proximal femur (Quelques remarques à propos du conflit fémoro-acétabulaire antérieur et des variations osseuses non-métriques de la face antérieure du col du fémur). Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, n.s. 21 (1-2): 93-96. (ISSN: 0037-8984)

 

 

Semaine 3 : vendredi, 21 novembre,14h-18h

 

TP Ostéobiographie (étude de cas squelettique) Groupe 1   Sources :   Hosek, L., Robb, J. (2019). Osteobiography: a platform for bioarchaeological research. Bioarchaeology International 3(1): 1–15. Inskip, S., Cessford, C., Dittmar, J., Rose, A., Mulder, B., O’Connell, T., Mitchell, P.D. Scheib, C., Hui, R. Kivisild, T., Price, M., Stock, J., Robb, J. (2023). Pathways to the medieval hospital: collective osteobiographies of poverty and charity. Antiquity 97 (396): 1581–1597.   Knüsel, C.J. (2002). More Circe than Cassandra: the Princess of Vix in ritualised social context. European Journal of Archaeology 5(3): 275-308.   Knüsel, C.J., Kemp, R.L., Budd, P. (1995). Evidence for remedial treatment of a severe knee injury from the Fishergate Gilbertine Monastery in the City of York. Journal of Archaeological Science 22: 369-384.   Knüsel, C.J., Batt, C.M., Cook, G. Montgomery, J.M., Müldner, G., Ogden, A.R., Palmer, C., Stern, B., Todd, J., Wilson, A.S. (2010.) The Identity of the St. Bees Lady, Cumbria: An Osteobiographical Approach. Medieval Archaeology 54: 275-317. (ISSN: 0076-6097/1745-817X)   Melton, N.D., Montgomery, J.M., Knüsel, C.J., Batt, C., Needham, S., Parker Pearson, M., Sheridan, A. with Heron, C., Horsley, T., Schmidt, A., Evans, A., Carter, E., Edwards, H., Hargreaves, M., Janaway, R., Lynnerup, N., O’Connor, S., Ogden, A., Taylor, T., Wastling, V., Wilson, A. (2010). Gristhorpe Man: An Early Bronze Age Oak-Coffin Burial. Antiquity 84(325): 796-815. (ISSN 0003-598X)   Robb, J., Inskip, S.A., Cessford, C., Dittmar, J., Kivisild, T., Mitchell, P.D., Mulder, B., O’Connell, T.C., Price, M.E., Rose, A. and Scheib, C. (2019).  Osteobiography: The History of the Body as Real Bottom-Line History. Bioarchaeology International 3 (1): 16–31.   Voir aussi : Liste des sources, ici-bas   Semaine 4 : 24 novembre 2025 Cours : Sacha Kacki « Crises de mortalité de Peste Noir : Apports paléodémographiques (les maladies sans lésions mais avec effets paléodémographiques) »   Sources :   Bello, S.M., Thoman, A., Signoli, M., Dutour, O., Andrews, P. (2006). Age and sex bias in the reconstruction of past population structures. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 129: 24-38.   Castex D., Kacki S. (2015). L’impact des épidémies sur les usages funéraires du passé. Faits archéologiques versus idées reçues, in: Treffort C. (ed.), Le cimetière au village dans l’Europe médiévale et moderne, Presse Universitaire du Midi, Toulouse, p. 233-251.   Castex D., Kacki S. (2016). Demographic patterns distinctive of epidemic cemeteries in archaeological samples, Microbiology Spectrum 4: doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.PoH-0015-2015. Castex D., Kacki S., Reveillas H., Souquet-Leroy I., Sachau-Carcel G., Blaizot F., Blanchard P., Duday H. (2014). Revealing archaeological features linked to mortality increases, Anthropologie (Brno) 52: 299-318.   Castex D., Blanchard P., Reveillas H., Kacki S., Giuliani R. (2009). Les sépultures du secteur central de la catacombe des Sts Pierre-et-Marcellin (Rome) : état des analyses bio-archéologiques et perspectives, Mélanges de l’Ecole Française de Rome – Chroniques 121(1): 287-297.   Chamberlain, A.T. (2006).  Demography in Archaeology. Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.   Coqueugniot H., Weaver T.D., Houët F. 2(010). Brief Communication: A probabilistic approach to age estimation from infracranial sequences of maturation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 142: 655-664.   Eveleth, P.B., Tanner J.M. (1990). Worldwide Variation in Human Growth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 416 p   Gowland, R.L. and Chamberlain, A. T. (2005). Detecting plague: the palaeodemographic characterisation of a catastrophic death assemblage. Antiquity 79: 146-157.   Kacki S., Rahalison L., Rajerison M., Ferroglio E., Bianucci R. (2011). Black Death in the rural cemetery of Saint-Laurent-de-la-Cabrerisse, Aude-Languedoc, south   Margerison, B.J., Knüsel, C.J. (2002). Palaeodemographic comparison of a catastrophic and an attritional death assemblage. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 119: 134-143.   Séguy, I., Buchet, L. (2011). Manuel de Paléodémographie. Ined (Institut national d'études démographiques), Paris.   Waldron, T. (1994). Counting the Dead: The Epidemiology of Skeletal Populations. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, West Sussex, UK.   Waldron, T. (2007). Palaeoepidemiology: The Measure of Disease in the Human Past. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, CA.   Wood, J.W., Milner, G.R., Harpending, H.C., Weiss, K.M. (1992). The osteological paradox: problems of inferring prehistoric health from skeletal samples. Current Anthropology 33: 343–370.

Semaine 5 : lundi, 21 novembre 2025   TP : Ostéobiographie (étude de cas squelettique) Groupe 2, 14h-18h   Sources :   Hosek, L., Robb, J. (2019). Osteobiography: a platform for bioarchaeological research. Bioarchaeology International 3(1): 1–15. Inskip, S., Cessford, C., Dittmar, J., Rose, A., Mulder, B., O’Connell, T., Mitchell, P.D. Scheib, C., Hui, R. Kivisild, T., Price, M., Stock, J., Robb, J. (2023). Pathways to the medieval hospital: collective osteobiographies of poverty and charity. Antiquity 97 (396): 1581–1597.   Knüsel, C.J. (2002). More Circe than Cassandra: the Princess of Vix in ritualised social context. European Journal of Archaeology 5(3): 275-308.   Knüsel, C.J., Kemp, R.L., Budd, P. (1995). Evidence for remedial treatment of a severe knee injury from the Fishergate Gilbertine Monastery in the City of York. Journal of Archaeological Science 22: 369-384.   Knüsel, C.J., Batt, C.M., Cook, G. Montgomery, J.M., Müldner, G., Ogden, A.R., Palmer, C., Stern, B., Todd, J., Wilson, A.S. (2010.) The Identity of the St. Bees Lady, Cumbria: An Osteobiographical Approach. Medieval Archaeology 54: 275-317. (ISSN: 0076-6097/1745-817X)   Melton, N.D., Montgomery, J.M., Knüsel, C.J., Batt, C., Needham, S., Parker Pearson, M., Sheridan, A. with Heron, C., Horsley, T., Schmidt, A., Evans, A., Carter, E., Edwards, H., Hargreaves, M., Janaway, R., Lynnerup, N., O’Connor, S., Ogden, A., Taylor, T., Wastling, V., Wilson, A. (2010). Gristhorpe Man: An Early Bronze Age Oak-Coffin Burial. Antiquity 84(325): 796-815. (ISSN 0003-598X)   Robb, J., Inskip, S.A., Cessford, C., Dittmar, J., Kivisild, T., Mitchell, P.D., Mulder, B., O’Connell, T.C., Price, M.E., Rose, A. and Scheib, C. (2019).  Osteobiography: The History of the Body as Real Bottom-Line History. Bioarchaeology International 3 (1): 16–31.   Voir aussi : Liste des sources, ici-bas

 

lundi, 1 décembre 2025

 

TD : La violence et la guerre

 

Sources :

 

Anastopoulou, I., Buikstra, J.E., Tamayo, L., Chryssoulaki, S. Moraitis, K., Karakostis, F.A. (2025). Trauma or taphonomy? A forensic reassessment of perimortem cranial trauma in burials from the Phaleron cemetery (Archaic Athens, Greece). Journal of Archaeological Science 181: 106-331.

 

Barbian, L.T., Sledzik, P. S. (2008). Healing following cranial trauma. Journal of Forensic Sciences 53(2): 263–268.

 

Guilaine, J., Zammit, J. (2001). Le Sentier de la Guerre: Visages de la Violence Préhistorique. Édition de Seuil, Paris.

 

Keeley, L. H. (1996). War before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

 

Knüsel, C.J. (2005). The physical evidence of warfare- subtle stigmata? In M. Parker-Pearson and I.J.N. Thorpe (eds.) Warfare, Violence, and Slavery. British Archaeological Reports International Series 1374, Archaeopress, Oxford, pp. 49-65.

 

Knüsel, C. J. (2011). Men take up arms for war: Sex and status distinctions of humeral medial epicondylar avulsion fractures in the archaeological record. In Baadsgaard, A., Boutin, A.T., Buikstra, J.E. (eds.), Breathing New Life into the Evidence of Death: Contemporary Approaches to Bioarchaeology. School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe, pp. 221–250.

 

Knüsel, C. J., Glencross, B., Tsoraki, C., Belmonte, C., Bennison- Chapman, L., Milella, M. (2021). Social tolerance and violence at Neolithic Çatalhöyük (7100-5950 cal. BC). In Hodder, I., Tsoraki, C. (eds.), Communities at work. The making of Çatalhöyük British Institute at Ankara Monograph 56. Çatalhöyük Research Project

Series 15, pp. 243–261.

 

Knüsel, C.J. and Smith, M.J. (2014). The osteology of conflict: what does it all mean? In: Knüsel, C.J. and   Smith, M.J. (eds.) The Routledge Handbook of the Bioarchaeology of Human Conflict. Routledge, London, pp. 656-694.

 

Knüsel, C.J. and Smith, M. (eds.) (2014). The Routledge Handbook of the Bioarchaeology of Human Conflict. Routledge, London.

 

Mant, M., de la Cova, C., Brickley, M.B. (2021). Intersectionality and trauma analysis in bioarchaeology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 174(4): 583-594.

 

Meijer, H. (2023). Janus faced: The co‐evolution of war and peace in the

human species. Evolutionary Anthropology 33: e22027. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.22027

 

Meijer, H. (2024). The Origins of War: A Global Archaeological Review. Human Nature https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-024-09477-3

 

Milner, G. R. (2005). Nineteenth-century arrow wounds and perceptions of prehistoric warfare. American Antiquity170(1): 144–56.

 

Tihanyi, B., Berthon, W;|, Kis, L.| Váradi, O.A., Dutour, O. László Révész, L. Pálfi, G. (2020).“Brothers in arms”: Activity-related skeletal changes observed

on the humerus of individuals buried with and without weapons from the 10th-century CE Carpathian Basin. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 30(6): 1–13.

 

Walker, P. L. (1997). Wife-beating, boxing and broken noses: skeletal evidence for

cultural patterning of violence. In Martin, D. L., Frayer, D. W.  (eds.), Troubled Times: Violence and Warfare in the Past. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, pp. 145–180.

 

Walker, P.L. (2001). A bioarchaeological perspective on the history of violence. Annual Review of Anthropology 30: 573-596.

 

Liste des sources : Bioarchéologie humaine

 

AlQahtani, S. J., Hector, M. P., and Liversidge, H. M. (2010). The London atlas of human tooth development and eruption. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 142: 481–90.

 

Braga, J., Samir, C., Risser, L., Dumoncel, J., Descouens, D., Thackeray, J.F., Balaresque, P., Oettlé, A., Loubes, J.-M., Fradi, A. (2019). Cochlear shape reveals that the human organ of hearing is sex-typed from birth. Scientific Reports 9: 10889.

 

Braüer, G. (1988). Osteometrie. In: Knussmann, R., Martin, R. (Eds.). Anthropologie, Handbuch der vergleichenden Biologie des Menschen, Band 1. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart.

 

Brůžek, J. (2002). A method for visual determination of sex using the human hip bone. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 117: 157-168.

 

Brůžek, J., Santos, F., Dutailly, B., Murail, P., et Cunha, E. (2017). Validation and reliability of the sex estimation of the human os coxae using freely available DSP2 software for bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 64(2):440-449.

 

Brůžek, J., Schmitt, A., Murail, P. (2005). Identification biologique individuelle en paléoanthropologie. Détermination du sexe et estimation de l’âge au décès à partir du squelette. In Dutour, O., Hublin J.-J., Vandermeersch B. (eds.)  Objets et méthodes en paléoanthropologie, Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques (Orientations et méthodes 7), pp. 217-245.

 

Buckberry, J.L., Chamberlain, A.T. (2002). Age estimation from the auricular surface of the ilium: a revised method. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 119: 231-239.

 

Buikstra, J.E. (2019). Ortner's Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains (Third Edition). Elsevier and Academic Press: Cambridge (MA).

 

Cleuvenot E., Houët F. (1993). Proposition de nouvelles équations d’estimation de stature applicables pour un sexe indéterminé, et basées sur les échantillons de Trotter et Gleser. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’anthropologie de Paris 5(1): 245-255.

 

Depierre, G. (2014). Crémation et Archéologie. Nouvelles alternatives méthodologiques en ostéologie humaine. Dijon: Éditions universitaires de Dijon, Collections art, archéologie et patrimoine.

 

Depierre, G. (2022). Secondary cremation burials of past populations: Some methodological procedures for excavation, bone fragment identification and sex determination. In: Knüsel, C.J., Schotsmans, E.M.J. (eds.)  Routledge Handbook of Archaeothanatology: Bioarchaeology of Mortuary Behaviour. London: Routledge, pp. 69-88.

 

Duday, H. (2022). The Roman cemetery Porta Nocera at Pompeii: The contribution of osteological re-associations to the study of secondary cremation burials. Translated from the original French by Christopher J. Knüsel and Eline M.J. Schotsmans (eds.) In: Knüsel, C.J, Schotsmans, E.M.J. (eds.)  Routledge Handbook of Archaeothanatology: Bioarchaeology of Mortuary Behaviour. London: Routledge, pp. 263-276.

 

Dutour, O., Hublin J.-J., Vandermeersch B. (2005). Objet et Méthode en Paléoanthropologie. Paris: CTHS Editions.

 

Hussain, K., Wijetunge, D. B., Grubnic, S.  Jackson, I. T.  (1994). A comprehensive analysis of craniofacial trauma. The Journal of Trauma 36(1): 34–47.

 

Klales, A., Ousley, S., Vollner, J. (2012). A revised method of sexing the human innominate using Phenice's nonmetric traits and statistical methods. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 149: 104–114.

 

Knüsel, C.J., Outram, A.K. (2004). Fragmentation: the zonation method applied to fragmented human remains from archaeological and forensic contexts. Environmental Archaeology: The Journal of Human Palaeoecology 9(1): 85-97.

 

Maresh, M.M. (1955). Linear growth of long bones of extremities from infancy through adolescence. American Journal of the Diseases of Children 89: 725-742.

 

Maresh, M.M. (1970). Measurements from roentgenograms. In McCammon, R.W. (ed.) Human Growth and Development, pp 157-200. Springfield (IL), Charles C. Thomas.

 

McKinley, J.I. (1993). Bone Fragment size and weights of bone from modern British cremations and the implications for the interpretation of archaeological cremations. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 3: 283–287.

 

Mitteroecker, P., Günz, P. (2009). Advances in geometric morphometrics. Evolutionary Biology 36: 235-247.

 

Moorrees, C.F., Fanning, E.A., and Hunt, E.E. (1963a). Formation and resorption of three deciduous teeth in children. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 21: 205-213.

 

Moorrees, C.F., Fanning, E.A., and Hunt, E.E. (1963b). Age variation of formation stages for ten permanent teeth. Journal of Dental Research 42: 1490-1502.

 

Murail, P., Bruzek, J., Houët, F. and Cunha, E. (2005). DSP: a tool for probabilistic sex diagnosis using worldwide variability in hip-bone measurements. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 17(3-4): 167-176.

 

O'Higgins, P. (2000). The study of morphological variation in the hominid fossil record: biology, landmarks and geometry. Journal of Anatomy 197: 103-120.

 

Ortner, D.J. (2003). Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains (Second Edition). Amsterdam: Academic Press.

 

Phenice, T.W. (1969). A newly developed visual method of sexing the os pubis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 30: 297-301.

 

Ruff, C. (2007). Body size prediction from juvenile skeletal remains. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 133: 698–716.

 

Ruff, C.B., Holt, B.M., Niskanen, Sladék, V.,  Berner, M., Garofalo, E., Garvin, H.M., Hora, M., Maijanen, H. Niinimäki, S., Salo, K., Schuplerová, E., and Tompkins, D. (2012). Stature and body mass estimation from skeletal remains in the European Holocene. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 148:601–617.

 

Scheuer, J.L. and Black, S.M. (2000). Developmental Juvenile Osteology. San Diego: Academic Press.

 

Scheuer, J.L. and Black, S.M. (2004). The Juvenile Skeleton. San Diego: Academic Press.

 

Scheuer, J.L. and Black, S.M. (2008). Juvenile Osteology: A Laboratory and Field Manual. San Diego, Academic Press.

 

Schmitt A. (2005). Une nouvelle méthode pour estimer l’âge au décès des adultes à partir de la surface sacro-pelvienne iliaque. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 17(1-2): 1-17.

 

Slice, D.E. (2005). Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology. New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers.

 

Stewart, N.A., Gerlach, R.F., Gowland, R.L., Gron, K.J., Montgomery, J. (2017). Sex determination of human remains from peptides in tooth enamel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114(52): 13649–13654.

 

Thompson, T. (ed.) (2015). The Archaeology of Cremation: Burned Human Remains in Funerary Studies. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

 

Toussaint, M. (1996). Clés de détermination des dents humaines isolées découvertes en contexte archéo-anthropologique. Bulletin des chercheurs de la Wallonie XXXVI : 73-117.

 

Trotter, M., Gleser, G.C. (1952). Estimation of stature from long bones of American whites and negroes. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 10: 463-514.

 

Trotter, M. (1970). Estimation of stature from intact long limb bones. In Stewart, T.D. (ed.) Personal Identification in Mass Disasters, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 71-83.

 

Trotter, M., Gleser, G.C. (1977). Corrigenda to “Estimation of stature from long bones of American whites and negroes”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 47: 355-356.

 

van Beek, G.C. (1983). Dental Morphology: An Illustrated Guide. (Second Edition). Oxford: Wright.

 

Waldron, T. (2020). Palaeopathology (Second Edition). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

 

Weber, G.W. and Bookstein, F.L. (2011). Virtual Anthropology. A Guide to a New Interdisciplinary Field. Vienna: Springer/Verlag.

 

White, T.D., Black, M.T., Folkens, P.A. (2016). Traité d’ostéologie humaine: anatomie-anthropologie-paléontologie. Translated by Jean-Pol Beauthier, Philippe Lefèvre, François Beauthier. Louvain-la-Neuve: De Boek Supérieur.

 

White, T.D., Folkens, P.A. (2005). The Human Bone Manual. Amsterdam : Elsevier / Academic Press.

 

Zelditch, M.L., Swiderski, D.L., Sheets, H.D. and Fink, W.L. (2004). Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists: A Primer. Boston/Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press.

 

 

 

 

Textes pour approfondissement :

 

Aiello, L.C. and Dean, M.C. (1990). An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy. London : Academic Press.

 

Baker, B.J., Dupras, T.L., and Tocheri, M.W. (2005). The Osteology of Infants and Children. College Station (TX) : Texas A & M University Press. College Station (TX).

 

Calais-Germain, B. (1993). Anatomy of Movement. Seattle (WA) : Eastland Press.

 

Calais-Germain, B. (2005). Anatomie pour le mouvement, tome 1 : Introduction à

l'analyse des techniques corporelles. Gap (FR) : Éditions Désiris.

 

Calais-Germain, B. et Lamotte, A. (2014). Anatomie pour le Mouvement, tome 2 : Bases d'Exercices. Gap (FR) : Éditions Désiris.

 

Palastanga, N., Field, D., and Soames, R. (1994). Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function (Second Edition). Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann.

 

Quatrehomme, G., Cattaneo, C., Beauthier, J.-P., and Lefévre, P. (2015).

Traité d'anthropologie médico-légale. De Boeck Supérieur:  Louvain-la-Neuve.

 

Scheuer, L. and Black, S. (2000). Developmental Juvenile Osteology. San Diego (CA) : Elsevier / Academic Press.

 

Scheuer, L. and Black, S. (2004). The Juvenile Skeleton. Amsterdam : Elsevier / Academic Press.

 

Schaefer, M.C., Black, S.M. and Scheuer, L. (2008). Juvenile Osteology: A Laboratory and Field Manual (Laboratory & Field Manual). Amsterdam: Elsevier /Academic Press.

 

Sobotta, J. (2017). Atlas d’Anatomie Humaine. Lavoisier Médicine Science : Cachan.

 

Lectures supplémentaires et références / Further Reading and Reference:

 

Agur, A.M.R. (1991). Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy (9^th Edition). Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore (MD).

 

Ankel-Simons, F. (2000). An Introduction to Primate Anatomy. Academic Press, San Diego (CA).

 

Aufderheide, A.C., Rodriquez-Martin, C. (1998). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Paleopathology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK).

 

Augereau, A. (2021). Femmes Néolithiques : Le Genre dans les Premières Sociétés Agricoles. CNRS Éditons, Paris.

 

Augereau, A. (2022). In search of the origin of inequalities: Gender study and variability of social organization in the first farmers societies of western Europe (Linearbandkeramik culture). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 66 101413.

 

Augereau, A., Darmangeat, C. (2022). Aux Origines du Genre : Enjeux, Méthodes, et Controverses. Presses Universitaire de France (PUF), Paris.

 

Axford, R. (1995). Archery Anatomy. Souvenir Press, London.

 

Bass, W.M. (2005). Human Osteology: A Laboratory and Field Manual. Missouri Archaeological Society, Columbia (MO.).

 

Blau, S., Ubelaker, D.H. (eds.) (2008). Handbook of Forensic Archaeology and Anthropology. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek (CA.).

 

Bock, Walter J., von Wahlert, Gerd (1965). Adaptation and the form-function complex. Evolution 19(3): 269-299.

 

Bogin, B. (1999). Patterns of Human Growth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK).

 

Broggan, B.G., Vogel, H., McDowell, J.D. (2003). A Radiologic Atlas of Abuse, Torture, Terrorism, and Inflicted Trauma. CRC Press, Boca Raton (FL.).

 

Brothwell, D.R. (1981). Digging Up Bones. British Museum (Natural History), London.

 

Buikstra, J.E. and Ubelaker, D.H. (eds.) (1994). Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Arkansas Archaeological Survey, Fayetteville (AR).

 

Capasso, L. Kennedy, K.A.R., and Wilczak, C. (1999). Atlas of Occupational Markers on Human Remains. Edigraffital, S.P.A., Teramo (Italy).

 

Cowin, S.C. (2001). Bone Biomechanics Handbook. (Second Edition). CRC Press, Boca Raton (FL).

 

Cox, M. and May, S. (eds.) (2000). Human Osteology in Archaeology and Forensic Science. Greenwich Medical Media, London.

 

Cull, P. (ed.) (1989). The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration. The Parthenon Publishing Group, Carnforth (Lancs.), U.K.

 

Currey, J.D. (2002). Bones: Structure and Mechanics. Princeton University Press, Princeton (NJ) and Oxford.

 

Dandy, D.J. (1993). Essential Orthopaedics and Trauma (Second Edition). Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.

 

Day, M.H. (1986). Guide to Fossil Man. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.